A single center study of the efficacy and safety of Pro-Glide used for closure in thoracic endovascular aortic repair in patients with previous groin intervention.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pro-Glide, a suture-mediated vascular closure device, regarding technical success and complications in patients who had undergone aortic intervention and had previous groin intervention (PGI). METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five patients who underwent percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair via the femoral artery and were closed with the Pro-Glide device were analyzed retrospectively. PGI was defined as a history of open surgical access to the femoral artery or wide sheath (>18 F) placement due to endovascular or valvular intervention. The patients were divided into two groups 38 cases with PGI and 97 cases without PGI. RESULTS: The overall success rate of closure of the femoral artery with Pro-Glide was not statistically significant between the two groups (93.8% vs 92.1%, p = .711). Sheath sizes were compared between the groups and PGI (+) group had significantly higher sheath sizes compared to PGI (-) group (24.3 ± 1.1 F vs 23.8 ± 1.0 F, p = .011). Three patients in the PGI (+) group and six patients in the PGI (-) group experienced technical failure of the percutaneous femoral approach. Femoral complications were seen after the procedures in four patients in the PGI (+) group and four in the PGI (-) group. The PGI (+) group had a higher complication rate when compared to the PGI (-) group; however, this was not statistically significant (p = .181). CONCLUSION: The present study was conducted on a significantly larger sample compared to previous studies and the findings suggest that the Pro-Glide vascular closure device is a safe option for patients with a history of PGI and may not be considered as a contraindication.

Ultrasound-guided genitofemoral nerve block for femoral arterial access gain and closure: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of the femoral branch block of the genitofemoral nerve (FBB) versus local infiltration anesthesia (LIA) for femoral arterial access gain and closure. METHODS: Eighty-two patients (age, 64.8 ± 10.9 years; female, 30.5%) undergoing endovascular procedures using 5-Fr femoral sheath were assigned to either FBB (n = 41) or LIA (n = 41). In both groups, 2% lidocaine HCL with 1:100,000 epinephrine was used as an anesthetic solution. Pain scores during access gain and closure were evaluated using a visual analog scale (score 0-10), patient satisfaction levels with the quality of anesthesia were scored on a 7-point Likert scale, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: The primary endpoint, pain scores during access closure, was significantly lower in the FBB group than in the LIA group (0.1 ± 0.37 vs 1.73 ± 0.92; p < 0.001). The FBB group also had significantly lower pain scores during access gain compared to the LIA group (0.83 ± 0.83 vs 2.78 ± 1.26; p < 0.001). There was an inverse relationship between pain scores and FBB after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index (p < 0.001). FBB group reported significantly higher satisfaction with anesthesia quality compared to the LIA group (6.49 ± 0.64 vs 4.05 ± 1.05; p < 0.001). No complications were recognized in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided genitofemoral nerve blocks offered better acute pain relief and higher patient satisfaction than LIA during femoral arterial access gain and closure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, ultrasound-guided genitofemoral nerve blocks offered better acute pain relief than local infiltration anesthesia, resulting in enhanced patient satisfaction. KEY POINTS: • FBB provided better pain relief during access gain and closure than LIA. • FBB offered higher patient satisfaction with the quality of anesthesia than LIA. • No anesthesia-related or access site complications were recognized in either treatment group.

Access site complications in thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous access and use of vascular closure devices facilitate thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedures during local anesthesia and allow immediate detection of signs of spinal ischemia. However, the very large bore access (usually ≥22F sheath) associated with TEVAR increases the risk of vascular complications. In this study, we sought to define the safety and feasibility of two percutaneous femoral artery closure devices during TEVAR, in terms of access site vascular complications and major, life-threatening, or fatal bleeding (≥major) within 48 hours. Access site vascular complications were defined as technical failure of vascular closure or later formation of pseudoaneurysm. METHODS: From March 2010 to December 2022, 199 transfemoral TEVAR were performed at Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. We retrospectively categorized these into three groups, based on surgeon preference for the access technique and femoral artery closure method: (1) surgical cut-down and vessel closure, n = 85 (42.7%), (2) percutaneous access and vascular closure with suture-based ProGlide, n = 56 (28.1%), or (3) percutaneous access and vascular closure with ultrasound-guided plug-based MANTA, n = 58 (29.1%). The primary outcome measure was technical success of vascular closure and access site vascular complications during index hospitalization. Secondary outcome measures were ≥major bleeding, early mortality, and hospital stay. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 97.6% vs 91.1% vs 93.1% for surgical cut-down, ProGlide, and MANTA, respectively (P = .213). The rate of access site vascular complication was 3.5% vs 8.9% vs 10.3%, respectively (P = .290), with two pseudoaneurysms detected postoperatively and conservatively managed in the MANTA group. The vascular closure method was not associated with increased risk of ≥major bleeding, early mortality, or hospital stay on univariate analysis. Predictors for ≥major bleeding after TEVAR in multivariable analysis were urgent procedure (odds ratio: 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-5.5; P = .003) and simultaneous aortic branch revascularization (odds ratio: 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-5.4; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the technical success rates of the percutaneous techniques demonstrated their feasibility during TEVAR. However, the number of access site complications for percutaneous techniques was higher compared with open approach, although the difference was not statistically significant. In the lack of evidence, the safety of the new MANTA plug-based vascular closure for TEVAR warrants further investigation.

Real-World Experience With the Angio-Seal Closure Device: Insights From Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database.

PURPOSE: Angio-Seal (Terumo Medical Corporations, Somerset, New Jersey) device is indicated for femoral arteriotomy closure. Real-world published data on complications are limited. We present 1 year of safety events involving Angio-Seal from the US Food and Drug Administration's post-market surveillance database of Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE). Steps for managing frequent device-related problems are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Angio-Seal MAUDE data from November 2019 to December 2020 was classified according to (1) mode of device failure, (2) complication, (3) treatment, and (4) Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) adverse event classification system. RESULTS: There were 715 safety events, involving Angio-Seal VIP (93.1%), Evolution (5.7%), STS Plus (1.1%), and sizes 6F (62.5%) and 8F (37.5%). Failure mode involved unrecognized use of a damaged device (43.4%), failed deployment (20.1%), failed arterial advancement (6.3%), detachment of device component (4.9%), failed retraction (3.6%), operator error (1.1%), and indeterminate (20.6%). Of total, 44.8% of events were associated with patient harm. Complications involved minor blood loss (34.1%), hematoma (5.6%), significant blood loss (1.4%), and pseudoaneurysm (1.4%). Of total, 43.3% of cases required manual compression (MC), whereas 8.8% required more advanced intervention. Interventions included surgical repair (49.2%), thrombin injection (9.5%), balloon tamponade (6.3%), covered stent (4.8%), and unspecified (30.2%). Majority of safety events were CIRSE grade 1 (92.0%), followed by grades 2 (3.1%), 3 (4.6%), and 6 (deaths, 0.3%). Minority of devices were returned for manufacturer analysis (27.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of safety events were associated with minor blood loss or local hematoma and could be addressed with MC alone. Most events were attributed to damaged device; however, very few devices were returned to manufacturer for analysis. This should be encouraged to allow for root cause analysis in order to improve safety profile of devices. System-level strategies for addressing barriers to under-reporting of safety events may also be considered. CLINICAL IMPACT: Our study highlights important safety events encountered in real-world practice with Angio-Seal closure device. The MAUDE database captures real-world device malfunctions not typically appreciated in conventional clinical trials. Our study provides valuable insight for clinician-users on anticipating and managing the most common device malfunctions. Additionally, our data provide feedback for manufactures to optimize product design and direct manufacturer user training to improve safety. Finally, we hope that the study promotes system-level strategies that foster reporting of safety events and undertaking of root cause analysis.

Endoscopic removal of sinonasal hemangioma using vessel sealing device without tumor embolization.

When massive bleeding is anticipated during endoscopic sinonasal tumor removal, a vessel sealing device is useful for successful tumor removal.

Case Report: Hybrid approach as a Rescue Treatment in a patient with vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder associated with COL3A1 gene mutation encoding type III collagen. Given the possible fatal prognosis if not treated timely, it is important to suspect and diagnose as soon as possible. Despite advances in endovascular technique, access point complications remain a serious challenge in patients with vEDS. Here, we describe a 30-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with vEDS after consecutive events of bilateral iliac vessels at an interval of 3 months: (1) spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of right iliac artery and (2) arteriovenous fistula between left internal iliac artery (IIA) and left common iliac vein. This patient was treated with iliac stent-grafts and overlapping femoral interposition graft (Dacron) in the 1st operation and access artery repair with surgical dissection after coil embolization of IIA and stent-graft insertion into left common to external iliac arteries in the 2nd operation. The patient has been treated with beta-blockers and anticoagulants for the management of vEDS and postoperative deep vein thrombosis, respectively. The stent-grafts in both iliac arteries and the access sites have been well-tolerated without any adverse effects for 14 months following the 2nd operation. In conclusion, given the vascular fragility and the potential for future events, additional vascular manipulation should be avoided unless it is in a life-threatening condition. In particular, meticulous hybrid interventions can be effective treatments.

Assessing the feasibility of using the antecubital vein to perform right heart catheterization in children and adults with congenital heart disease: a retrospective, observational single-center study.

BACKGROUND: Right heart catheterization (RHC) usually is performed via the femoral vein or the internal jugular vein. However, the antecubital fossa vein is a valid venous access, and it has become increasingly popular to perform right heart catheterization utilizing this access. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was conducted to describe use of the antecubital fossa vein for right heart catheterization in adults and children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Patients who had undergone RHC via antecubital fossa vein at the authors' hospital between September 2019 and December 2022 were included. The outcomes studied were procedural failure and procedure-related adverse events. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients with CHD underwent right cardiac catheterization via an upper arm vein. The upper arm vein was unable to perform the RHC in only 2 patients (3.8%). Only 1 patient developed a minor adverse event. No irreversible and/or life-threating adverse events were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The upper arm veins are safe and effective to perform a RHC in children and adults with CHD. This approach demonstrates a high percentage of technical success, and few mild complications.

Complications with the use of Angio-Seal vascular closure device and their management.

Vascular closure devices (VCDs) are being increasingly used for achieving hemostasis after diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular procedures. Although uncommon, complications may be encountered which are associated with the use of these VCDs. We report four cases where the use of Angio-Seal (Terumo, Somerset, New Jersey, USA) was followed by complications. Three cases presented with acute limb ischemia, among them, two patients had arterial occlusion at the vascular access site and one patient had embolization of the footplate anchor of the closure device. One case presented with pseudoaneurysm at the common femoral artery access site along with occlusion at origin of the superficial femoral artery. We have described the mechanism in which these complications occur and the successful management of these cases preventing potential amputation and limb loss. The risk factors which increase the risk of complications with the use of Angio-Seal VCD were reviewed and the strategy to avoid these complications with particular emphasis on the utility of ultrasound when using Angio-Seal VCD is discussed. A strategy to manage these complications has been discussed while deciding on endovascular management or surgical management, especially in patients with challenging presentation and those with multiple comorbidities making them at very high risk for surgery.

'Post-Close' Femoral Arterial Haemostasis at Endovascular Aneurysm Repair using a Dedicated Large-Bore Vascular Closure Device: A Prospective Real-World Audit.

PURPOSE: Percutaneous access for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is commonplace, with its attendant benefits. The combination of continued reduction in device profile and evolution of vascular closure device (VCD) design drives successful and safe percutaneous EVAR. A new such VCD is the MANTA Large-Bore Closure Device designed in two iterations for closure of arterial defects from 10 to 25F. We present a prospective audit of 131 large-bore femoral closures using an 'all-comers' approach to device selection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one large-bore femoral arterial defects were analysed. Both 14F and 18F MANTA VCDs were deployed in this series as per instructions for use. Primary objectives were technical success, particularly successful deployment, and haemostasis achieved. Failures were denoted as failure to deploy; failure to achieve haemostasis was denoted as active bleeding, haematoma, or pseudoaneurysm formation requiring intervention. Later complications assessed were vessel occlusion/thrombosis or stenosis. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients (65 males and 11 females, age 75.2 ± 8.7 years) underwent a range of procedures including EVAR (n = 66), TEVAR (n = 2), and reinterventions (n = 8) requiring large-bore percutaneous femoral arterial access in 131 groins. Of these, the 14F MANTA VCD was used in 61 closures (defects ranging from 12 to 18F) and the 18F in 70 closures (defects ranging from 16 to 24F). Deployments achieved successful haemostasis in 120 (91.6%), and failures occurred in 11(8.4%) groins. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a post-close approach using the novel MANTA Large-Bore Closure Device can be undertaken successfully to close a range of large-bore femoral arterial defects at EVAR/TEVAR with an acceptable rate of complications.

Computed tomography guided tailored approach to transfemoral access in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

BACKGROUND: Transfemoral approach (TFA) is the most common access route for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Percutaneous femoral access (PA) is preferred over the surgical approach (SA), however, may be associated with a higher risk of access site complications. Thus, we aimed to assess outcomes of computed tomography-guided tailored approach to percutaneous and surgical TFA in patients undergoing TAVI. METHODS: We evaluated data of 158 patients, who underwent TAVI via femoral route between January 2017 and December 2018. In the PA group, vascular closure was performed with the use of two percutaneous suture devices and an additional mechanical seal device. We compared complications rate and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 158 patients (92%; mean age 79.6 years, 60.8% female), in 92 (61%) patients PA was performed and in 66 (39%) patients SA was used. Median (interquartile range) radiation exposure as well as contrast volume dose was higher in the PA group compared to the SA group 614.0 (410.0; 1104.0) mGy vs. 405 (240.5; 658.0) mGy (p < 0.001) and 150.0 (120.0; 180.7) mL vs. 130.0 (100.0; 160.0) mL (p = 0.04), respectively. Bleeding complications were similar in the PA group 11 (12.2%) compared to 5 (8.62%) in the SA group (p = 0.48). Median length of hospital stay was also similar in the PA and the SA group 6.00 (5.00; 8.00) days vs. 6.00 (4.00; 8.00) days, respectively (p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography-guided PA in TAVI may provide comparable procedural outcomes compared to the SA, despite a higher radiation dose and the use of contrast dye, while being less invasive.

Alternative Application Technique for the MANTA Vascular Closure Device for Percutaneous Large-Bore Arterial Access Closure: The Fluoroscopic DOT Technique.

BACKGROUND: Vascular complications are a cause of increased morbidity and mortality when performing percutaneous procedures requiring large-bore arterial access. MANTA vascular closure device (VCD) is currently the only large-bore VCD using an intraluminal foot plate and an extraluminal collagen plug. The traditional depth locator approach might be compromised in; emergent cases without the required measurements, cases of hematoma formation, or other patient, procedure, or operator-specific variables. Furthermore, this technique can be used for postclosure in cases without the required measurement of depth. We describe vascular outcomes using fluoroscopy (fluoroscopic DOT technique) rather than traditional depth locator approach for vascular closure with the MANTA VCD. METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) were retrospectively analyzed using fluoroscopic DOT technique with 18F MANTA VCD between May and August 2021. All patients >18 years of age who qualified for transfemoral TAVI were included. Access was obtained with ultrasound guidance with vessel diameter of at least > 6 mm and free from anterior vessel wall calcification. Patient related factors and primary outcomes of access site bleeding and acute flow-limited limb ischemia requiring intervention were prospectively analyzed. Furthermore, 1 patient who failed hemostasis with suture-mediated VCD had successful hemostasis with fluoroscopic DOT technique as dry postclosure after balloon aortic valvuloplasty. RESULTS: In total, 50 patients were analyzed with a mean age of 81 years and majority were male (56%). Majority had comorbidities of hypertension (88%) and hyperlipidemia (94%), 24% had peripheral arterial disease, 38% coronary artery disease, and 58% were former smokers. Importantly, 40% were obese with an average body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2. There were no bleeding or ischemic limb complications post MANTA VCD deployment using the fluoroscopic DOT technique. Furthermore, none of the patients required peripheral intervention from index procedure to 1 month post verified during their 1-month post TAVR follow-up. CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopic DOT technique using the MANTA VCD is highly reproducible and allows hemostasis in a predictable manner for procedures requiring large-bore arterial access in the absence of MANTA depth measurement.

Hemostasis control after femoral percutaneous approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hemostasis control after percutaneous endovascular procedures through the femoral approach remains challenging for catheterization laboratory nurses, given method variability. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the available evidence on vascular devices efficacy dedicated to hemostasis control compared to the extrinsic compression after percutaneous procedures in the femoral vein or artery. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was conducted. We compared different hemostasis methods in adult patients who underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures through femoral access. The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL, and updated on 03/2022. The outcomes included hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, bleeding, minor and major vascular complication, time to hemostasis, device failure, and manual compression repetition. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 1.0. Pooled effect sizes on continuous, categorical and proportion variables were estimated with the random effects model. The continuous variables were summarized as the difference between means weighted by the inverse of variance (WMD), and the categorical ones by the summary of relative risks (RR), estimated by the DerSimonian and Laird method. The Freeman-Tukey method was used to estimate the summary effect of proportions. RESULTS: Fifty articles were included in the systematic review. When compared to extrinsic compression, vascular closure devices resulted in a relative risk reduction (RRR) for hematoma: RR 0.82 [95%CI 0.72 to 0.94] and in shorter time to hemostasis WMD -15.06 min [95%CI -17.56 to -12.56]; no association was observed between interventions with vascular closure devices and extrinsic compression for pseudoaneurysm, bleeding, minor and major vascular complications. Compared to extrinsic compression, sealant or gel type devices were compatible with a RRR for hematoma: RR 0.73 [95%CI 0.59 to 0.90]; and metal clip or staple type devices for pseudoaneurysm: RR 0.48 [95%CI 0.25 to 0.90]; and major vascular complication: RR 0.33 [95%CI 0.17 to 0.64]. For each 100 observations, the device failure rate for metal clip or staple was 3.28% [95%CI 1.69 to 6.27]; for suture 6.84% [95%CI 4.93 to 9.41]; for collagen 3.15% [95%CI 2.24 to 4.41]; and for sealant or gel 7.22% [95% CI 5.49 to 9.45]. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular closure devices performed better in hemostasis control. The certainty of the evidence was rated as very low to moderate. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019140794.

Comparison of Suture-Based and Collagen-Based Vascular Closure Devices for Large Bore Arteriotomies-A Meta-Analysis of Bleeding and Vascular Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Large bore access procedures rely on vascular closure devices to minimize access site complications. Suture-based vascular closure devices (S-VCD) such as ProGlide and ProStar XL have been readily used, but recently, newer generation collagen-based vascular closure devices (C-VCD) such as MANTA have been introduced. Data on comparisons of these devices are limited. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for articles on vascular closure devices using keywords, ("Vascular closure devices" OR "MANTA" OR "ProStar XL" OR "ProGlide") AND ("outcomes") that resulted in a total of 875 studies. Studies were included if bleeding or vascular complications as defined by Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 were compared between the two types of VCDs. The event level data were pooled across trials to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI, and analysis was done with Review Manager 5.4 using random effects model. RESULTS: Pooled analyses from these nine studies resulted in a total of 3410 patients, out of which 2855 were available for analysis. A total of 1229 received C-VCD and 1626 received S- VCD. Among the patients who received C-VCD, the bleeding complications (major and minor) were similar to patients who received S-VCD ((OR: 0.70 (0.35-1.39), p = 0.31, I2 = 55%), OR: 0.92 (0.53-1.61), p = 0.77, I2 = 65%)). The vascular complications (major and minor) in patients who received C-VCD were also similar to patients who received S-VCD ((OR: 1.01 (0.48-2.12), p = 0.98, I2 = 52%), (OR: 0.90 (0.62-1.30), p = 0.56, I2 = 35%)). CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding and vascular complications after large bore arteriotomy closure with collagen-based vascular closure devices are similar to suture-based vascular closure devices.

Ultrasonography-guided endovascular management of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after unintended dialysis catheterization with suture-mediated vascular closure devices.

Although iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is an infrequent complication, it can be life threatening if ruptured. There are several treatment methods for managing this complication. This case report demonstrates a technique using ultrasonography-guided suture-mediated vascular closure devices without angiography to successfully treat iatrogenic superficial femoral pseudoaneurysm following an unintended hemodialysis catheter insertion. In particular, when it is difficult to use a contrast due to a patient's condition as in this case, suture-mediated vascular closure device with ultrasonography guidance can be used as a therapeutic method.

Large-bore arterial access closure after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Aims: As the indications to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) expand to patients at increasingly lower risk, procedure-related vascular and bleeding complications events must be minimized. We aimed to evaluate the impact of different large-bore arterial access closure devices on clinical outcomes after TAVR. Methods and results: We searched for papers that reported outcomes according to the type of vascular closure device/technique used after TAVR and performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Fifteen studies involving 9259 patients who underwent access site closure using PROSTAR™ XL percutaneous vascular surgical system (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA), Perclose ProGlide™ suture-mediated closure system (Abbott), or MANTATM vascular closure device (Teleflex, Morrisville, NC, USA) were included. NMA showed MANTA to have the highest likelihood of reducing a primary composite endpoint of intra-hospital death, major vascular complications, and major or life-threatening bleedings [surface under the cumulative ranking curve analysis (SUCRA) 94.8%], but this was mitigated when only randomized clinical trials and propensity-matched cohorts were included (SUCRA 56.1%). The ProGlide showed the highest likelihood to reduce major or life-threatening bleedings, especially with increasing procedural complexity, and the MANTA device to reduce major and minor vascular complications. The ProStar XL device performed poorly in all explored endpoints. Conclusion: Available evidence summarized through a NMA shows that ProGlide and MANTA devices appear to be both valid vascular closure devices globally and to be the best options to minimize vascular complications and reduce bleeding in patients undergoing TAVR, respectively.

Comparison of Application Effects of Different Hemostasis Methods After Ischemic Cerebrovascular Intervention.

Objective: To explore the effects of two different hemostasis methods, namely, arterial compression devices and vascular closure devices, in the ischemic cerebrovascular intervention to provide a theoretical basis for clinical selection of hemostasis methods. Methods: A total of 302 patients who underwent ischemic cerebrovascular intervention in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the control group (n = 151) and the observation group (n = 151). The patients in both groups underwent cerebrovascular intervention. The patients in the control group were treated with an artery compressor for hemostasis after the operation, while those in the observation group were treated with vascular closure devices for hemostasis. The hemostatic indexes and vascular parameters at the puncture site before and after the operation were compared between the two groups. The comfort level of the patients was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 h after the operation with the Kolcaba Comfort Scale score, and the postoperative complications were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in the success rate of hemostasis between the two groups (p > 0.05). The hemostatic time and immobilization time of (2.69 ± 0.62) min and (4.82 ± 0.93) h in the observation group were lower than those in the control group with (16.24 ± 3.58) min and (7.94 ± 1.86) h (p < 0.05). The differences in the minimum inner diameter of the puncture site and its nearby vessels and the peak velocity of blood flow between the two groups before and after the operation were not statistically significant within or between groups (p > 0.05). The scores of the Kolcaba comfort scale in the observation group (80.16 ± 8.49) and (93.65 ± 9.26) at 6 and 12 h, respectively, after the operation, were higher than those in the control groups (72.08 ± 7.54) and (85.49 ± 8.63) (p < 0.05). The 24 h postoperative Kolcaba comfort scale score was (97.54 ± 9.86) in the observation group and (96.82 ± 9.64) in the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the control group, there were 7 cases of dysuria, 12 cases of low back pain, 14 cases of sleep disorder, 20 cases of mental stress, and 5 cases of wound bleeding, and the total incidence of complications was 38.41% (58/151). In the observation group, there were 4 cases of dysuria, 8 cases of low back pain, 10 cases of sleep disorder, 14 cases of mental stress, and 3 cases of wound bleeding, and the total incidence of complications was 25.83% (39/151). The total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease undergoing femoral artery puncture intervention, the use of vascular closure devices can stop the bleeding quickly, which can significantly shorten the bleeding time, and the postoperative braking time of patients is short, with high comfort and fewer complications.

Vascular Closure: the ABC's.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vascular access and closure is a key part of endovascular procedures, and access site-related complications are an independent predictor of adverse procedural outcomes. The purpose of this review is to discuss the methods of vascular closure including manual compression, vascular closure devices (VCDs) for both arterial and venous arteriotomies, their mechanisms, and access site-related complications. RECENT FINDINGS: Various VCDs have been approved over the last three decades. These devices have different mechanisms to achieve hemostasis and are generally categorized into active and passive approximators. Studies have largely found that they are non-inferior to manual compression. Uncomplicated vascular closure is pertinent to avoid adverse procedure-related outcomes. The emergence of VCDs has reduced time to hemostasis, facilitating early ambulation and discharge and reducing hospitalization cost with comparable complication rate to manual compression. Nonetheless, they should be used in favorable vascular anatomy and are not intended to reduce complications.